The Comprehensive Peace Agreement for Sudan was signed on 9 January 2005 by the heads of state and government of both sides. The deadline for CPA approval expired on January 24, 2005 for the SPLM National Exemption Board. The peace agreement was approved on 24 January 2005 by the SPLM National Liberation Council. The agreement was unanimously ratified by the SPLM National Liberation Council, chaired by SPLM chief John Garang.1 The National Assembly was to approve the CPA by 29 January and was approved.2 As such, the provision of the ratification mechanism for the agreement was implemented. In January 2006, Sudan and Kenya signed a tripartite agreement with UNHCR to help South Sudanese refugees return from Kenya. The agreement was one of seven agreements UNHCR wanted to sign with neighbouring countries to allow the return of some 70,000 refugees to South Sudan in the first half of 2006.2 The tripartite agreement with Kenya was aimed at facilitating the return of some 10,000 Sudanese refugees from Kenya. Only South Sudanese can do it. They can be supported by measures by the international community that end the war, protect civilians from mass slaughter, provide financial and specialized support for institutional change, and oversee transformation processes. This will allow the country to have room to meet the needs.

It is only if there is a period of at least relative peace, a time to withdraw from the murders and the resulting anger, time for new voices and institutions that can emerge, that this process can really begin. This is what the current peace agreement could offer, but only if it is implemented, if there is increased international support for THE JMEC and higher costs for those who would undermine it. Africa and the largest international community can and must therefore do everything in their power to create this space, this period of calm and internal growth. In this region, South Sudanese will once again have to take on the democratic development tasks that have been so violently hijacked. It`s going to take a while. 22.5 The parties call on the international community to assist in peace and the rule of law in the areas of training, building and capacity building of police and other law enforcement agencies; The parties agree to launch a comprehensive process of national reconciliation and healing throughout the country as part of the peace process. Its mechanisms and forms are developed by the government of national unity. For this to work, the opposition must be united in its objectives and principles. In the view of those who have studied these transitions, there is a need to „overcome profound differences of opinion on objectives, leadership, strategies and tactics.“ 4 Particularly relevant to Sudan, they assert that „to convince elements within the regime to be open to change, reformers must give credible assurances that they will not seek revenge or that they will confiscate the assets of regime insiders. Opposition parties have made several efforts, both armed and unarmed, to develop this level of consensus. I think the government is making a mistake in frustrating this process, as it did, by banning travel or punishing participants.